In May, on a visit to Jerusalem, I spent half a day in Silwan, where an extremist settlers' group runs and profits from an archaeological site - arguably the most sensitive and most politically-charged archaeological dig in the world.
The group, Elad, is busily Judaizing Silwan, turning it into "Ir David," (the "City of David") both by turning it into a site that exclusively champions the Jewish narrative of Biblical Jerusalem and by settling extreme right-wing Jews in this vast, densely-populated Palestinian village.
How did it happen that the government of Israel officially sub-contracted to an extremist settlers' organization
one of the most sensitive sites in Israel, a stone's throw from the world's most sacred site to Jews and the third
most sacred site to Muslims? How did it happen that the government appointed the cat to guard the cream?
The following story by my former Haaretz colleague Aviv Lavie - now with Maariv - sheds light on this scandal. The story is complex and Aviv seems to struggle with the details and with the magnitude of the outrage, but should be lauded for the investigative effort.
Here is his piece, from today's Maariv:
by Aviv Lavie -- It is very hot in the City of David. The national park, which is very close to the Western
Wall, and is one of the most important archeological and historical sites in Jerusalem, if not in the entire world,
currently absorbs large doses of scorching sunshine. This does not deter the visitors: The entrance plaza was
filled with guests this week, producing a cocktail of languages and accents. Some came to Israel to throw a
discus or run slowly in the Maccabiah competitions, and as a bonus received a tour with Biblical overtones.
The entrance to Hezekiah's Tunnel [known in Hebrew as the Shiloah tunnel] is particularly busy. Perhaps it is
because the guests can imagine the sounds of the stonecutters' hammers, or because the thought of a chilly, damp
haven evokes their excitement. Nearly every Israeli who has taken school trips has visited Hezekiah's
Tunnel. If you come here today, you will be asked to pay NIS 25 for an entrance ticket. If you want a
guided tour, it is NIS 55.
Although this is an official national park, under the purview of the Israel Nature and Parks Authority (INPA), the
money you pay will, at least in part, reach other hands. These are private hands, with an unmistakable
political character: The hands of Elad (acronym for "To the City of David"), an openly right wing NPO, which works
vigorously to promote Jewish settlement in East Jerusalem, and has been operating the City of David national park
in the past years. Not only the ticket office is operated by Elad: The guides, the content of the tours and
the elaborate web site are also in its hands. At the entrance to the national park hangs the symbol of the
INPA, along with the golden lyre--the symbol of the City of David visitor center, which is [run by] Elad.
"It's as if they were to take a national park with political and historical sensitivities, and place it in the
hands of B'Tselem," said a veteran environmentalist this week. "Within five minutes, a great commotion would
arise."
Ideological agenda
The fact that Elad operates in the City of David and not, for example, in a nature reserve in the coastal plain, is
not accidental, of course. In the past years the NPO members have purchased a great many properties in the
Silwan village, in which the City of David is located, in a process consisting of struggles, petitions and
counter-petitions, and turned them into fortified compounds. The Jewish-Arab struggle for every house is
waged in the familiar Wild West style of East Jerusalem. But how exactly does it happen that the INPA, a
professional body that is charged with preserving natural values and heritage, places the management of a national
asset of the first order in the hands of a political group? When Elad launched a campaign to encourage visits
to the City of David, its director David Beeri said: "Our goal is for the public to know that the City of David is
located 200 meters away from the Old City, and therefore in any negotiation it must remain in Israel's hands.
We must not give it up."
In the song that greets the visitors to the City of David web site, the vocalist sings that "it all started here--I
will remain here forever." The fact that such a sensitive site is placed in the hands of a political
organization has repercussions, of course. In the past years, it has been repeatedly alleged that in the
guided tours, in the three-dimensional presentations, in the atmosphere, the Elad personnel color the history,
archeology and politics of the site in well defined colors. Yonatan Mizrahi is an archeologist who conducts
alternative tours in the City of David: "After three hours on an Elad tour, you are convinced that you are at a
site that is solely Jewish. Canaanite, Byzantine, Muslim and of course Palestinian findings are shunted
aside. Jerusalem has 4,000 years of history, and they concentrate on the glorious stories of Solomon, David
and Hezekiah, for whom there are no archeological findings linking them to the site. When you present the
story this way to hundreds of thousands of visitors from all over the world, it is a tool with a great deal of
political power and a way of justifying the act of settling the area."
The chain of events that led to the current peculiar situation was recently exposed by the Ir Amim NPO, which
belongs to the opposite political orientation to that of Elad. In a report written by veteran journalist
Meron Rappaport, "Dark Deal in Silwan," the developments concerning the management of the park are described.
After the Six-Day War, a national park surrounding the walls of Jerusalem was declared, covering 1,100 dunams: The
City of David national park, which covers 24 dunams, and consists of Hezekiah's Tunnel, the Shiloah Pool and the
excavation site in the City of David, is included in this area.
In 1997, after Binyamin Netanyahu was elected prime minister and Ariel Sharon was appointed infrastructure
minister, a contract was signed between the Israel Lands Administration and Elad, which gave the NPO a permit for
security and maintenance of the City of David national park for seven years. According to Rappaport's report,
the contract was signed without a tender. Moreover, it was concealed from the Israel Antiquities Authority,
and signed against the position of the professional echelon in the INPA, but was done with the support of
then-environment minister Rafael Eitan.
The main opponents to the move were the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) and senior archeologists in it.
Following a petition to the High Court of Justice, the Israel Lands Administration was forced to cancel the permit
it issued, and in 1999 the High Court of Justice summed up the affair by determining that "in the future, the
authorities will act on this matter by law." In 2001, the State Attorney's Office notified the High Court of
Justice that the permit given to Elad had been canceled. Nevertheless, in 2002 the INPA renewed the agreement
with Elad. The environment minister, to which the INPA is subordinate, was Tzahi Hanegbi at the time.
Since then, Elad has been operating the City of David national park. Israel Antiquities Authority Chairman
Prof. Binyamin Kedar stated in the past that "Elad is an organization with a stated ideological agenda, which
presents the history of the City of David in a biased manner."
In a response conveyed by the Israel Antiquities Authority to Rappaport's query, the IAA did not conceal its
dissatisfaction: "Although the IAA believes that the City of David national park should be operated by the INPA, it
was decided--contrary to the position of the IAA and despite its opposition--that Elad would operate the national
park according to a contract with the INPA, with the approval of the Environmental Protection Ministry."
The Environmental Protection Ministry denied responsibility, returning the ball to the INPA: "The Environmental
Protection Ministry is not a party to contracts of the type signed by the INPA. The questions should be put
to the INPA."
8/23
Shocking, isn't it, that Jews should want the Biblical heart of Jerusalem to be open to Jewish visitors and all other people around the world who revere the TANACH (Bible) and should actually have Jews living there in property legally bought. Of course Ori Nir leaves out the point that Jews were living in Silwan in the 19th century, primarily Jews from Yemen, but they were driven out by Arab violence during the British Mandate period.
Nice rewriting of history, Ori. You claim that the "radical settlers" have ignored the other people who lived there over the millenia. Well, the only reason anyone has ANY interest in the place is because it was the Biblical capital of King David, King Solomon and the rest. Under Jordanian rule, the area was a slum. The Arabs rewrite history even more so and deny that there ever was a Jewish Kingdom here.
The Jews will not willingly relinquish this place, no matter how much alienated Jews fear its effect on return the rest of us to our Biblical roots.
I should also point out the statement by "archaeologist" Yonatan Mizrachi:
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Jerusalem has 4,000 years of history, and they concentrate on the glorious stories of Solomon, David and Hezekiah, for whom there are no archeological findings linking them to the site.
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This is total nonsense. The article itself mentions Hezekiah's tunnel. Findings have been made linking the Biblical Kings of Judah to the site. If there is no such connection, then why would supposedly "fanatic religious" elements be so attached to the site if there is nothing of Biblical significance there?
For anyone who wants to learn about the actual (and fascinating) history of Yemenite Jews in Silwan, see: http://www.alt-arch.org/yemenites.php.
archeology gets little publicity in israel. young citizens learn nothing about it. i am retired and only now begin too realise how little iknow about our past