APN's daily news review from Israel
Tuesday June 28, 2016
Quote of the day:
“Leaders need to move beyond repeating the same phrases and expecting a different result. It is
maddening and it is not worthy of the future you are seeking to build.”
--UN Secretary General Ban ki-Moon tells students at Tel-Aviv University.*
You Must Be Kidding:
Only four out of 20 Israeli ministers are clearly on the record in support of a two-state solution. Nine others are clearly against and the position of the seven others remains unknown.
--UN Secretary General Ban ki-Moon tells students at Tel-Aviv University.*
You Must Be Kidding:
Only four out of 20 Israeli ministers are clearly on the record in support of a two-state solution. Nine others are clearly against and the position of the seven others remains unknown.
Front Page:
Haaretz
- Israel and Turkey will sign the reconciliation agreement today; Lieberman expected to oppose
- State Comptroller: Cancel the ‘Hannibal Directive’ in the IDF, which allows endangering a soldier in order to prevent him from being kidnapped
- The agreement is likely to avoid another war with Gaza // Amos Harel
- Netanyahu’s decision was received by the European Union, but it’s the right step // Barak Ravid
- The reconciliation will deepen the rift between Hamas and the Palestinian Authority // Jack Khoury
- Greece and Cyprus are concerned about harm to their relations with Israel // Arieh Mekekl
- 11,000 Holocaust survivors again have not received their stipend
- In Brussels they are hardening their stance: There won’t be talks before Britain submits request to leave the EU
- Surprise at Euro championships: Iceland beat England
- Tarentino will be a guest of the Jerusalem Film Festival
Yedioth Ahronoth
- The cry of the parents – “Every Jewish mother should know that her sons are being abandoned for a gas agreement” – said the angry mother of Hadar Goldin, whose corpse and the corpse of Oron Shaul were not included in the reconciliation agreement with Turkey
- Trust games // Alex Fishman
- Turkish win // Sima Kadmon
- England was kicked out of the Euro (soccer championships)
- “Come to my mother’s funeral with a flower” – said daughter of ultra-Orthodox woman who became secular and committed suicide
- The children of the summer of 2006 – during the Second Lebanon War – are now 10 years old
Maariv This Week (Hebrew links only)
- Erdogan: “Israel accepted all our demands”
- We could have gotten more // Yossi Melman
- Shaul and Goldin families, whose bodies are held in Gaza: “Netanyahu broke his promises”; PM responded: “I never promised the agreement with Turkey would include their return”
- Fathers on maternity leave – will get six days
- “We felt that all was lost” – Marking 40 years since the Antebbe Operation, children of the kidnapped met with former president Shimon Peres and retold the horrors
Israel Hayom
- The (Israel-Turkey reconciliation) agreement and the dispute
- Responsibility in difficult decisions // Haim Shine
- In diplomacy, there is no place for emotion // Mati Tuchfeld
- Air crew, with feet on the ground
- The ice princess – and the queen of shame (Iceland beat England in soccer)
- Knesset gave final approval: maternity leave for fathers
- In two ceremonies, secular and religious: Esti Weinstein, who put an end to her life, will be buried
News Summary:
Netanyahu approves a controversial reconciliation agreement with Turkey (despite prior claims that it would be different) and sparks the ire of parents of Israelis missing in Gaza and his own cabinet members, Palestinians throw rocks at the Temple Mount during a police-escorted visit of right-wing Jews, and Israeli men get six days maternity leave making top stories in the Hebrew newspapers. Also in the news, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon visits Israel and offers advice just before the Mideast Quartet releases a damning report about Israel. Also, interesting cooperation with Israel by the Hamas government in Gaza over watermelons.
Netanyahu reconciled with Turkey and now faces the wrath of his own people. Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman is expected to denounce the Turkey-Israel reconciliation agreement, another cabinet minister said Netanyahu has “shown contempt for the cabinet…turning us into rubber stamp,” and the parents of the missing Israelis say Netanyahu broke his promise. For some Israelis, the problematic parts of the agreement is the $21 million compensation to the families of the 10 Turkish citizens killed by IDF naval commandos in a raid on the ship bound for Gaza and the fact that the two Israeli citizens presumed to be captive in Gaza and the bodies of two Israeli soldiers killed in 2014 Gaza summer war were not brought back to Israel as part of the deal. The family of Ebra Mengistu, who it is believed crossed into Gaza, said that “Mediators who entered Gaza say Mengistu is alive.” (Maariv)
Netanyahu rejected the families’ claims that he promised to condition the agreement on the return of the Israelis and defended the agreement, saying it protects IDF commanders and soldiers who participated in the raid from criminal and civil claims. Netanyahu also said the agreement will have immense security and economic benefits. Yedioth interviewed some of the naval commandos who “absorbed blows on the Marmara ship” and who do not think that Israel needs to compensate the Turks, because “they wanted to kill us.” Nevertheless, some told Yedioth: “We are willing to compromise on our honor if that serves the country’s interests.”
Some of the protesting Israelis and media commentators (Yedioth’s Sima Kadmon) suggested that the reason for the agreement was to get a gas deal with Turkey. Commentators in the Netanyahu ‘mouthpiece,’ Israel Hayom, declared that leaders need to sometimes make ‘unpopular decisions.’ Just to rub it in, Turkish President Tayip Erdogan declared that Israel had agreed to all of Turkey's demands. Erdogan also said that Turkey will continue to oppose Israel’s actions in Jerusalem and will send an aid ship to Gaza Friday.
The Palestinian Authority and Hamas official reactions to the agreement with Turkey was positive. Palestinian Foreign Minister Riyad al-Maliki insisted that the terms of the agreement directly related to Palestinians, and the Gaza Strip in particular, involve the Palestinian government. Maan noted that there was a rare moment of consensus between Hamas, the Palestinian Authority, and Israeli leadership over the deal. But a senior Palestinian Authority source told Maariv that the agreement does not contribute anything to the Gaza Strip. “The president of Turkey wanted to remove Ankara from the international isolation it is in because of his policies, so it was sad to see him courting Israel,” he said adding that “Israel will find reasons to cancel the rebuilding of the Gaza Strip, so that in the end, the results of the agreement for the Palestinians will be zero.” The source and Haaretz’s Jack Khougy agreed that the agreement "perpetuates the split" between Hamas and the Palestinian Authority.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon is in the region to part from the different countries and people. Ban visited Israel Monday and met with Israeli President Reuven Rivlin, who asked Ban for help bringing the Israelis in Hamas captivity home. In Tel Aviv, the UN chief said that “Leaders need to move beyond repeating the same phrases and expecting a different result. It is maddening and it is not worthy of the future you are seeking to build.” (He also made beautiful use of the Hebrew word for ‘responsibility.’)
Ban also encouraged Israeli and Palestinian leaders to engage with the Mideast Quartet on its report to be released tomorrow on creating conditions for the resumption of meaningful negotiations. The report was supposed to be released last week, but it was delayed due to pressure by Netanyahu who is trying desperately to soften it, due to its harsh criticism of Israeli settlements and Israel’s responsibility for the freeze in the peace process.
After months of quiet on the Temple Mount, Israeli Police faced off with Palestinians, who stored rocks in the Al-Aqsa Mosque to protest the unusual decision to allow Jewish visitors to enter the compound during the holiest last 10 days of Ramadan. No one was injured, according to Ynet, but Maan reported that at least 35 people were hit with rubber-coated bullets on the second day of clashes with Israeli forces that lasted for approximately three and a half hours. Maan had the most details of the incident.
After a seven-year embargo, the Agriculture Ministry in Hamas-run Gaza allowed watermelon imports from Israel for one week in order to get local farmers to agree to lower their prices by the end of the week.
Quick Hits:
- Israel's Military Chief Orders to Revoke Controversial 'Hannibal' Directive - The order calls for soldiers to thwart captivity even at the expense of a fellow trooper's life. Many civilian casualties were blamed on its implementation in a 2014 Gaza war. (Haaretz+)
- Syrian opposition activist who fled from the fighting visited the Knesset: "We need Israel on our side" - Unnamed activist met with various MKs and ministers and seeking to expand aid to moderate Syrian refugees: "We have common enemies, we do not care about the Golan Heights or the Palestinian issue." MK Shelly Muallem (Habayit Hayehudi) responded: “They understand that relative to the Arab world there really is no Palestinian problem because if the world is not interested in the atrocities committed against the residents of Syria, then it is certainly doesn’t care about a sovereign state for the Palestinians.” (Maariv)
- High Court petition calls to indict Israeli settler leaders - Petitioners claim that Zeev 'Zambish' Hever was behind continued population of a West Bank settlement after court had issued demolition orders. (Haaretz+)
- Moderated version of contentious NGO bill passes key legislative hurdle - Opponents say that even pared-back version of controversial legislation will tarnish Israel’s image. (Haaretz+)
- Only four of 20 Israeli ministers openly declare support of two-state solution - Netanyahu is on the record in support of the creation of a Palestinian state alongside Israel, but only a minority in cabinet agrees to back such a policy, survey finds. (Haaretz)
- Israeli forces open fire at fishermen, farmers in Gaza Strip - Israeli gunboats opened fire at Palestinian fishermen boats, damaging them, and preventing fisherman them fishing within a range of five nautical miles, despite the designated fishing range being six miles. Israeli forces also at farmers, preventing them from reaching their lands, with no injuries reported. (Maan)
- Protest staged in Hebron by families of 8 slain Palestinians held by Israel (led by father, Muhammad Elayyan) - Dozens of protesters gathered Sunday in Hebron for a demonstration organized by the family members of slain Palestinians whose bodies are still being held by Israeli authorities. Lawyer Muhammad Elayyan, whose son Bahaa’s corpse is being held since October, also delivered a speech. After the protest, Israeli forces raided Elayyan’s home in occupied East Jerusalem overnight and detained him. (Maan)
- (Later in the day,) Muhammad Elayyan, Father of bus terrorist arrested on suspicion of incitement - Lawyer Mohammed Alyan, whose son’s body is still being held by Israel, spoke at elementary schools and universities to extol the his son's 'legacy' after he murdered three Israelis on a bus in Jerusalem in October; Police checking whether Alyan has ties with terror groups. Maan: Elayyan (Alyan) has spearheaded a movement by the families of slain Palestinians demanding that Israeli authorities return the bodies. (Ynet and Maan)
- Arab MKs to boycott event in honor of the Irgun: It carried out terrorist acts that were called ‘war of liberation’ - Knesset will hold an event celebrating 85 years to establish the National Military Organization (also known as the ‘Etzel’ or the tIrgun’, and MK Ahmad Tibi does not intend to participate: “Those who preached morality to Palestinians on so-called terrorism should refresh their memory and look in the mirror." (Maariv)
- Police Unit for Investigating Police will probe suspicion of a police assault on a resident of Jerusalem - Josef Parmesano claims that police assaulted him when they came to search his house for drugs. Police: "During the search police officers were attacked by family members and causing severe injury to an officer." (Maariv)
- Ben-Gurion University receives historic $400 million donation - Donation from estate of the late Dr. Howard and Lottie Marcus is largest ever received by an Israeli educational institution. BGU President Prof. Rivka Carmi: The generosity of the Marcuses is a statement to Israel and the entire world. (Israel Hayom)
- Arab and Jewish Israeli students create app that determines taste of watermelons - The application was developed in Haifa's Technion University by three students frustrated by disappointment of a bitter watermelon: 'We have tested it on 30 watermelons and it is accurate every time.' (Yedioth/Ynet)
- 40,000-year-old grindstone unearthed in Western Galilee cave - Basalt tool likely used to prepare food, other tools. Archaeologist Yoav Lerer: This is a greeting from the past. Roman gate discovered at Hippos dig expected to shed light on bronze mask found last year. Lifeguard finds ancient oil lamp during run. (Israel Hayom)
- Paris Suburb Votes to Boycott All Goods From Israeli Settlements - Though recent rulings blocked pro-Palestine motions by French municipalities, Bondy district claims 'it is a legitimate civil right to be able to accept or refuse to buy merchandise according to its origin.’ (JTA, Haaretz)
- State of Palestine ratifies Kampala amendments to ICC Rome Statute - The treaty also defines the crime of ‘aggression’ as being: invading another state; bombing another state; blockading the ports or coastlines of another state; violating a status of forces agreement; and using armed bands, groups, irregulars or mercenaries against another state. (Maan)
- Israelis Greet Prospects for Turkish Trade, Tourism With Restraint - But rapprochement after six-year rupture does raise hopes for gas exports. (Haaretz+ and Israel Hayom)
- US eyes Israeli Iron Dome short-range missile interceptor - As Russia raises tensions in Europe, the United States is looking into purchasing the Tamir missile used in the Iron Dome Missile Defense System to incorporate it into Europe's air defenses. (Agencies, Ynet)
- Former ultra-Orthodox Woman's 'Suicide Book' Rattles Skeletons in Closets - Although she'd left it years ago, Israel's ultra-Orthodox community is shaken by suicide note and painful manuscript left behind by 50-year-old mother of seven. (Haaretz)
- Russian spacecraft coming to Israel - After two trips to space and two years before its planned return, the Almaz spacecraft is coming to Madatech in Haifa until the end of the year; it is intended to bring student and youths' experiments with it to space. (Ynet)
- Turkey's Erdogan Apologizes for Downing Russian Jet - Russian trade restrictions were placed on Turkey after the incident, and Putin has said they would not be lifted unless an apology was forthcoming. (Agencies, Haaretz)
- After Deadly Suicide Bombing in Lebanese Village, Unknown Terrorists Target Mourning Service - Four suicide bombers struck in the village of Qaa early Monday morning. When mourning relatives gathered, another suicide attack targeted their church. (Agencies, Haaretz)
- 25 Children Killed in Airstrikes in Syria, UNICEF Says - The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights monitoring group reported on Saturday that air strikes carried out by Syrian or Russian warplanes killed dozens of people in al-Quria. (Agencies, Haaretz)
- In New Video, ISIS Claims Jordan Border Attack - Jordan responds with a statement on Hala Akhbar pledging retaliation against ISIS militants while tens of thousands of Syrian refugees have been stranded and cut off from foreign aid deliveries. (Agencies, Haaretz)
- Fallujah 'Fully Liberated' From ISIS, Iraqi Commander Says - Lt. Gen. Abdul-Wahab al-Saadi congratulates Iraqi people after declaring victory in Fallujah, the first city that fell to ISIS and a long-time stronghold of Sunni insurgents. (Agencies, Haaretz)
- Gadhafi's Son Requests to Drop ICC Case, Citing Standing Conviction in Libyan Court - Seif al-Islam's lawyer says International court has clear provision against double jeopardy after he was already sentenced to death in Libya. (Agencies, Haaretz)
Features:
How will Brexit affect Israelis in Britain?
Even though the U.K. encourages foreign students to enroll in its institutions of higher learning, and allows them to work as well, things may now change. (Ilan Lior, Haaretz+)
Part 1: Operation Entebbe as told by the commandos: Planning the mission
40 years after one the most famous commando operations in history, Sayeret Matkal's soldiers recount the events that culminated in the release of 106 hostages from an airport terminal in Uganda: The plan that fell through, late-night calls, and how such a large-scale operation was put together in only 48 hours. Part 1 of 5. (Ronen Bergman and Lior Ben-Ami, Yedioth/Ynet)
Director of 'The Settlers': They're good people who are doing bad things
Shimon Dotan wanted to understand who are the people behind what he perceives as Israel's dark future. Talking to Haaretz, he explains why there are barely any Palestinians in his film and why he doesn't hate the settlers. (Carolina Landsmann, Haaretz+)
The Colombian writer with Jewish roots who became a Muslim before moving to Israel
Antonio Ungar met his Palestinian wife, writer Zahiye Kundos, in Iowa. To be with her in Israel, he first had to prove he had Jewish relatives who perished in the Holocaust. His next task was to adopt her religion – Islam. (Neri Livneh, Haaretz+)
Commentary/Analysis:
Reconciliation with Turkey was long overdue, but Netanyahu still made the right call (Barak Ravid, Haaretz+) Netanyahu's deal with Erdogan could have been concluded years ago with a bit less ego, but new records for hypocrisy were set by Israel's opposition for criticizing an agreement they would gladly have marketed if Herzog were foreign minister.
Reality is much more complicated: the reconciliation agreement was signed because of interests, not love (Lior Akerman, Maariv) The agreement can be analyzed from different angles but we must not forget that Turkey is a superpower on a Middle East and European scale, and it has a huge influence on Hamas and ISIS.
Despite aid to Gaza, Israel-Turkey deal offers Palestinians little hope (Jack Khoury, Haaretz+) The agreement with Turkey won't lift the blockade on Gaza, but will preserve Hamas' rule, giving the Israelis a guarantee of weakened prospects for Palestinian unification.
The agreement with Turkey: It was possible to get more and take advantage of Erdogan’s situation (Yossi Melman, Maariv) The agreement has its achievements, but Turkey needed it more than Israel because of the (int’l) isolation it is in. It was possible to force Erdogan to put real pressure on Hamas in regards to the captive civilian and the bodies of the soldiers.
Israel's Deal With Turkey Could Stave Off Next Gaza War (Amos Harel, Haaretz) Living conditions should improve in the Strip and Israel gains a new channel of mediation, even if there won't be joint training of pilots or major new arms deals like in the past.
Netanyahu Is No King of the Mizrahi Jews (Uri Misgav, Haaretz+) In the past seven years Bibi has formed three governments with a total of 35 ministers from his Likud party. Only seven had ethnic roots in the Middle East.
Netanyahu's statement on Turkey shed light on his grim relationship with the US (Shlomo Shamir, Maariv) It is no coincidence that at the press conference the Prime Minister on the reconciliation agreement with Erdogan, he did not mention a word about his prior meeting with John Kerry, because there is not a grain of trust and appreciation between the two.
The Deal With Turkey Hasn't Challenged Israel's Shameful Control Over Gaza (Tania Hary, Haaretz+) PM Netanyahu rejected the chance to begin the real rehabilitation of Gaza, allowing people to thrive instead of just survive. It wasn't even up for negotiation in the Israel: Turkey deal.
Added regional value (Ariel Bolstein, Israel Hayom) The normalization of Israeli-Turkish ties has great potential, but Israel must remain vigilant of its own interests.
An Israeli University Teaches a Lesson in Spinelessness (Haaretz Editorial) By retracting a prize to Breaking the Silence in the name of 'the consensus', Ben-Gurion University has made a dangerous capitulation to the forces that seek to suppress civil society.
Mutually beneficial deal (Dan Margalit, Israel Hayom) Israel and Turkey had to compromise to normalize relations, but this is a good deal, even if neither party got exactly what it wanted.
Look at the Figures: Israel's Settlement Enterprise Has Failed (Shaul Arieli, Haaretz+) Supporters of Greater Israel tout the settlements' high rate of population growth, but the details paint a very different picture.
In the face of all the risks (Ronen Bergman, Yedioth/Ynet) Testimonies from the commandos who fought in Entebbe shed new light on the great mystery surrounding the operation.
Netanyahu's Turkish Coup: How Erdogan Realized He Really Does 'Need Israel' (Louis Fishman, Haaretz+) Rooted in the AKP's staunchly anti-Israel past, often tainted with blatant anti-Semitism, rooted in internal Turkish politics, Erdogan has always treated Turkey's relations with Israel with disdain. What changed?
Look Who's Demonizing Israel Now (Bradley Burston, Haaretz+) The Netanyahu government now appears to need entirely unexpected enemies to demonize. For example, the very people we entrust at the highest level, to keep terrorists from murdering us.
Don't Gloat Over Brexit, It's No Good for Israel (David Rosenberg, Haaretz+) Ultra-nationalists in Israel think the EU is an anti-Semitic hater but do they really think Russia or China would make better friends?
Even though the U.K. encourages foreign students to enroll in its institutions of higher learning, and allows them to work as well, things may now change. (Ilan Lior, Haaretz+)
Part 1: Operation Entebbe as told by the commandos: Planning the mission
40 years after one the most famous commando operations in history, Sayeret Matkal's soldiers recount the events that culminated in the release of 106 hostages from an airport terminal in Uganda: The plan that fell through, late-night calls, and how such a large-scale operation was put together in only 48 hours. Part 1 of 5. (Ronen Bergman and Lior Ben-Ami, Yedioth/Ynet)
Director of 'The Settlers': They're good people who are doing bad things
Shimon Dotan wanted to understand who are the people behind what he perceives as Israel's dark future. Talking to Haaretz, he explains why there are barely any Palestinians in his film and why he doesn't hate the settlers. (Carolina Landsmann, Haaretz+)
The Colombian writer with Jewish roots who became a Muslim before moving to Israel
Antonio Ungar met his Palestinian wife, writer Zahiye Kundos, in Iowa. To be with her in Israel, he first had to prove he had Jewish relatives who perished in the Holocaust. His next task was to adopt her religion – Islam. (Neri Livneh, Haaretz+)
Commentary/Analysis:
Reconciliation with Turkey was long overdue, but Netanyahu still made the right call (Barak Ravid, Haaretz+) Netanyahu's deal with Erdogan could have been concluded years ago with a bit less ego, but new records for hypocrisy were set by Israel's opposition for criticizing an agreement they would gladly have marketed if Herzog were foreign minister.
Reality is much more complicated: the reconciliation agreement was signed because of interests, not love (Lior Akerman, Maariv) The agreement can be analyzed from different angles but we must not forget that Turkey is a superpower on a Middle East and European scale, and it has a huge influence on Hamas and ISIS.
Despite aid to Gaza, Israel-Turkey deal offers Palestinians little hope (Jack Khoury, Haaretz+) The agreement with Turkey won't lift the blockade on Gaza, but will preserve Hamas' rule, giving the Israelis a guarantee of weakened prospects for Palestinian unification.
The agreement with Turkey: It was possible to get more and take advantage of Erdogan’s situation (Yossi Melman, Maariv) The agreement has its achievements, but Turkey needed it more than Israel because of the (int’l) isolation it is in. It was possible to force Erdogan to put real pressure on Hamas in regards to the captive civilian and the bodies of the soldiers.
Israel's Deal With Turkey Could Stave Off Next Gaza War (Amos Harel, Haaretz) Living conditions should improve in the Strip and Israel gains a new channel of mediation, even if there won't be joint training of pilots or major new arms deals like in the past.
Netanyahu Is No King of the Mizrahi Jews (Uri Misgav, Haaretz+) In the past seven years Bibi has formed three governments with a total of 35 ministers from his Likud party. Only seven had ethnic roots in the Middle East.
Netanyahu's statement on Turkey shed light on his grim relationship with the US (Shlomo Shamir, Maariv) It is no coincidence that at the press conference the Prime Minister on the reconciliation agreement with Erdogan, he did not mention a word about his prior meeting with John Kerry, because there is not a grain of trust and appreciation between the two.
The Deal With Turkey Hasn't Challenged Israel's Shameful Control Over Gaza (Tania Hary, Haaretz+) PM Netanyahu rejected the chance to begin the real rehabilitation of Gaza, allowing people to thrive instead of just survive. It wasn't even up for negotiation in the Israel: Turkey deal.
Added regional value (Ariel Bolstein, Israel Hayom) The normalization of Israeli-Turkish ties has great potential, but Israel must remain vigilant of its own interests.
An Israeli University Teaches a Lesson in Spinelessness (Haaretz Editorial) By retracting a prize to Breaking the Silence in the name of 'the consensus', Ben-Gurion University has made a dangerous capitulation to the forces that seek to suppress civil society.
Mutually beneficial deal (Dan Margalit, Israel Hayom) Israel and Turkey had to compromise to normalize relations, but this is a good deal, even if neither party got exactly what it wanted.
Look at the Figures: Israel's Settlement Enterprise Has Failed (Shaul Arieli, Haaretz+) Supporters of Greater Israel tout the settlements' high rate of population growth, but the details paint a very different picture.
In the face of all the risks (Ronen Bergman, Yedioth/Ynet) Testimonies from the commandos who fought in Entebbe shed new light on the great mystery surrounding the operation.
Netanyahu's Turkish Coup: How Erdogan Realized He Really Does 'Need Israel' (Louis Fishman, Haaretz+) Rooted in the AKP's staunchly anti-Israel past, often tainted with blatant anti-Semitism, rooted in internal Turkish politics, Erdogan has always treated Turkey's relations with Israel with disdain. What changed?
Look Who's Demonizing Israel Now (Bradley Burston, Haaretz+) The Netanyahu government now appears to need entirely unexpected enemies to demonize. For example, the very people we entrust at the highest level, to keep terrorists from murdering us.
Don't Gloat Over Brexit, It's No Good for Israel (David Rosenberg, Haaretz+) Ultra-nationalists in Israel think the EU is an anti-Semitic hater but do they really think Russia or China would make better friends?
Prepared for APN by Orly Halpern, independent freelance journalist based in Jerusalem.